药理学练习卷（附答案）

Which long-term side effect of phenytoin makes good oral hygiene especially important?

1. AOvergrowth of the gums (gingival hyperplasia)
2. BLoss of taste
3. CBlue-grey discoloration of the teeth and gums
4. DExcess saliva production

新药通常在哪一期临床试验中首次用于人体（常为健康志愿者）？

1. AI 期
2. BIII 期
3. CII 期
4. DIV 期

片剂的肠溶衣有什么作用？

1. A使片剂味道变甜
2. B使片剂在口中溶解
3. C使片剂原样随粪便排出体外
4. D使片剂在到达肠道之前不溶解

A patient wants to stop paroxetine suddenly. What should the nurse explain?

1. AIt can be stopped at any time, as antidepressants cause no withdrawal effects
2. BStopping suddenly causes the drug to work better for a while
3. CStopping suddenly causes dangerous low blood sugar
4. DIt can cause dizziness, "electric shock" feelings and irritability

哪种不良反应是甲氧氯普胺的典型不良反应，尤其在年轻人中？

1. A严重便秘
2. B干咳
3. C低血糖
4. D锥体外系运动障碍，如急性肌张力障碍

Bethanechol may be used for non-obstructive urinary retention. How does it work?

1. AIt stimulates muscarinic receptors and contracts the bladder muscle
2. BIt blocks muscarinic receptors and relaxes the bladder wall muscle
3. CIt increases urine production in the kidney
4. DIt shrinks the prostate gland

20 世纪 50 年代末至 60 年代初的沙利度胺灾难以哪种效应最为著名？它导致了什么？

1. A儿童耳聋；终止动物实验
2. B老年人心肌梗死；仿制药的出现
3. C成人肝衰竭；禁止所有镇静剂
4. D婴儿严重的肢体缺陷；更严格的药物试验和监管

A patient taking sertraline starts St John's wort for low mood. What is the main concern?

1. ABleeding from vitamin K deficiency
2. BSevere low blood pressure from blocked alpha receptors
3. CSerotonin syndrome from combined serotonergic effects
4. DA hypertensive crisis from tyramine